Chapter 2 - Wave Theory and Photons

In this paper, I will attempt to present a nature-oriented approach to understanding the universe. My theory integrates much of the scientific to date. Moreover, it simply explains what is readily observed, be it through our own contact with nature or updated pictures from satellites exploring the vast reaches of the universe.

Early in the twentieth century, astronomers observed that new star formations appear in pairs (picture, right).

Pictures obtained by various telescopic observations, such as the picture to the right, show this clearly.

In the two preceding pictures, we see the expulsion of formations that appear to be a series of discs that are connected by a stream of gas. These discs are pro-stars. They resemble condensed clouds (waves): they have yet to consolidate and there is a great deal of gas between and all around them. Their inner structure is similar (without internal differentiation) and they move one after the other in face position with the same distance and rotation.

The space between discs is connected by shadowy, undefined gas formations in horizontal positions.

In the picture to the right, we see another kind of star formation: a pair of discs rotating in opposite directions.

These beautiful pictures from nature provided me with inspiration to reach a solution for which we have searched for many years. Einstein postulated that the laws that govern large objects must also apply to small objects and vice versa. This, then, allows for different energy phases. In different phases, there seem to be some changes to the structure, but in general the laws of energetic matter are the same for all formations. As such, wave theory unifies Planck and Einstein’s ideas, thus fulfilling one of physics’ great dreams.

In fact, all recent observations and research seem to indicate that from the beginning the universe expanded in the form of a wave (picture below).

If viewed from the side, it appears as a rotating and spinning loop:

In 1669, a Dutch physician, Erasmus Bartholinus (1625-1698), discovered that a crystal of Iceland spar, a transparent form of calcium carbonate, produces a double image (picture, right). Apparently, light passing through the crystal splits into two rays. This simple observation indicates that light has two components and is fundamental part of wave theory. Together with other observations, it proved that light can appear in two forms (picture below).

In 1808, a French army engineer, Étienne Louis Malus (1775 -1812), discovered polarized light. Some optically active systems rotate the plane of polarized light in a clockwise direction. This is taken as a right-handed turn; such systems are dextrorotatory. Others turn light in a counter-clockwise direction and are levorotatory. Later observations revealed that some plastic devices polarize light waves in a transverse position, while others polarize light waves are perpendicular. In whole or non-polarized light, those two forms always appear together and it is easy to split them into two rays (picture below).

Thus we see that one part of a photon moves in a perpendicular plane and the second in a transverse position (picture, below-left). The structure of the photon resembles astronomical observations whereby a transverse cloud of energetic matter connects vertical discs.

In the last picture, we saw that the loop in the perpendicular position is well defined and shining. The loop in the transverse position is composed of active energetic matter. It is wider than the first loop and is cloud-like — not clearly visible and lacking clear borders. As the loops are in perpendicular and transverse positions and belong to the same dual star formation, the photon may also have the same structure (picture below).

Research indicates that a photon’s light has two properties: magnetic and energetic-electric (picture below).

We may assume that the two loops comprise a complex structure, which form a wave formation. It is similar to the two-star formation (loop) from the cosmos observation, in which perpendicular loops alternate with transverse loops (picture below). This is similar to a computer’s well-known 0 1 (0 +) pattern; perhaps wave formations have 0 + behavior.

As in observations of the cosmos, the photon’s two loops seem to be connected by energetic matter, because magnetic and electric properties alternate regularly in pairs. From the cosmos photograph, we see that the discs are strongly connected. They always appear in the same position and move together, one after the other.

The matter fuelling both discs in the cosmos photograph seems to be identical. In perpendicular discs, the cloud matter appears uniform, but more concentrated in the center. The transverse cloud is never clearly visible or well organized and lacks well-defined borders and its rotation is hazy. Its highly active, amorphous high-energy matter creates and maintains a strong link with the perpendicular loops. This loop fades into the surrounding matter, where it is perhaps transformed into dark matter.

We conclude that the same energetic matter circulates in both loops. It keeps them tightly connected and covers them with very fine remnants of the cloud they were ejected from. Since photon streams always show alternating energetic and magnetic properties, perhaps the structure of photons and huge formations, such as stars, are alike (pictures below). Furthermore, it seems that the change of energetic matter’s position, concentration and direction of currents of energetic matter in loops also changes its loop’s properties and behaviors. As the outlying areas of stars overlap — superposition — we can assume that their active energetic matter flows from one swirl to another. This matter creates a two-swirl formation by the continuous propagation of energetic matter that binds the two loops into one wave formation.

In 1862, James Clerk Maxwell used a mathematical equation to describe how energy could be propagated through space in the form of vibrating electric and magnetic fields (picture below). The “vibration” of energetic matter (wave theory explains vibration as a spinning or swirling movement) is apparently responsible for the propagation of photons and energetic signals (changes of energetic activity).

From all the available observations, I see only the rotation and swirling of natural formations that send signals (undulation). In mechanical devices they appear to “vibrate” or “oscillate” like radio waves. Nature lacks the power to support such sharp, up-down movements. Consequently, the formations actually move in a undulating (spiraling) manner. The famous experiments of Joseph Henry and Michael Faraday in 1881 showed that a magnet moving in a coil creates energetic movement (picture below). The change in the flow of energetic matter from perpendicular to the transverse space causes the “metamorphosis” of the behavior of matter into other behaviors.

Energetic matter must be transmitted between the two bodies along well-organized invisible paths (picture below), because the alternate behaviors and formations are always repeated in every natural formation.

As we have said above, one loop has energetic properties and the second probably has magnetic properties. We may assume that basic electro-magnetic energetic matter is probably only a swirl of spinning energetic matter that by its movement creates two sibling loops in one formation, each of which contains different properties. Perhaps, electro-magnetic matter (waves) composes everything. Galaxies create stars, stars create atoms and atoms create molecules that create all the structures we know. Energetic matter creates everything.

Einstein’s equation E=mc2 is well known. The equation can also be stated as M=e/c2. This indicates that there is no difference between matter and energy.

We conclude that basic energetic matter is governed by the same laws throughout the universe and creates everything in it. The creativity of nature is unbelievable: this identical energetic matter — by changing its configuration, direction and the concentration of “energy” in the energetic swirling paths that it creates — changes its properties and behaviors (picture below).

We thus see that the space of a high-energy photon is enlarged and subsequently changes its behavior.

In photographs of the sun, we see that it expels half rings (loops) of energetic matter that move in a single direction with a swirling spinning motion. Within these open rings, there is energetic matter that also moves with the same motion in the same direction (picture below).

Energy movement in different paths in spiral and spinning motions creates endless energetic properties (forces) as seen in the picture that follows.

As depicted in the next picture, the two loops found in a wave have different properties or forces of the same matter. This gives rise to different forces (currents) within the wave that act in all directions. These forces enable the wave to come in contact with other waves and defend its space and existence (Pauli exclusion principle).

The picture to follow depicts the behavior of energy in magnetic and energetic loops.

The proceeding illustration shows the properties of low-energy small waves and high-energy waves.

Every wave has its energetic level (capacity), space and time (wave quant). Waves are held in position by their two-loop structure; the circulation of energetic matter in different directions acts like propellers in all directions. A wave’s position also depends on its relationship with other wave constellations (Einstein’s idea of the net universe). Relationships with same-phase formations are stronger.

Loops in photons do not fall on each other. When separated, they easily reunite with their partners or similar loops. Both loops have the same energy level, which is necessary in order to maintain the appropriate rotation pattern, and connection between the rings.

I use the photon to explain wave theory because we know that it is a single wave-particle, which is composed of energetic (electro-magnetic) matter that escaped or was expelled from larger objects as an independent single-wave (quantum) of energy (picture below).

The next picture offers a visual comparison between wave theory and electro-magnetic rules.

Earlier we saw that expelled stars appear in pairs. Photons, by association, may have the same formation. Assuming that one loop of a photon is magnetic and the second energetic, and as we know is the case with electro-magnetic field positions in electricity, we may posit that photons and stars are waves that are composed of two related loops. The magnetic loop is in a perpendicular position, and the energetic in a transverse position; they appear as a wave in every formation. This is hinted at in our observations of planets, where the planets rotate in the transverse position, while their magnetic fields are in the perpendicular position (picture below).

We cannot always recognize this structure clearly because these relationships appear in different forms (see the chapter on atoms).

The same picture shows that stars move with a well-defined perpendicular disc in face position, followed by a transversal cloud. Perhaps in young (high-energy) photons, like stars, the magnetic loop moves in face position ahead of the energetic loop; in old waves, the former surrounds the latter (picture, below).

From rainbows and spectra, we know that the photon has three colors (wave lengths). As the photon has two loops, this means it has six color paths (wave lengths or rings). Thus, we have three colors in one loop and three twin colors, which differ from the first three because of the loop’s position. The six rings together form an energetic wave. Energy flowing in rings may seem to be a simple formation; in reality, it is very complicated. The simplest things are often also the most complex (see picture to the right).

The existence of infrared and ultra-violet light, which fades outside waves, indicates that these rings have neither clear-cut borders nor definite space, and that energetic matter extends beyond its own path and wave (picture below).

The picture to the bottom-left shows a photon as it appears to us. The picture below and to the right illustrates the photon’s invisible, borderless energetic matter.

Transverse loops in stars seem to be active because their structure and borders are unclear, fading out like a cloud. This implies that they disperse into their surroundings, which may be composed of matter that comes in contact with this energetic wave matter (picture, above right).

The perpendicular loop is clearly visible and has sharp borders. In contrast with the energetic loop, it holds energetic matter tightly and does not allow it to escape.

Despite the different positions of the photon’s two loops (and six paths-rings), they form one wave and are interconnected. Although the structure of the loops is unchangeable, the connection between them is very loose, and by adding energy, we can separate them, as seen in the two following pictures:

As seen in the next picture, when a loop that has been separated unites with a suitable loop, the excess energy that it expelled appears as a photon (energy). We may then conclude that the primary stable formation of energetic matter appears as a two-loop wave formation, which behavior and formation changes in different phases.

Energetic matter appears in status nascenti as spinning, swirling, rotating active strings, quarks, rings, loops, or waves. These photon formations are the primary formation of energetic matter.

Thomas Young's experiments were instrumental to the understanding of wave structure. Light passed through two slits and produced crests and troughs (patterns of light and dark) that showed up on a screen as a so-called interference pattern (picture below).

Research indicates that even a single photon produces interference with itself by seemingly overlapping its two loops and producing light and dark spaces (rings) (picture below).

In astronomical photographs, galaxies have the same form. The dark rings may act as a sort of glue for the shining rings, maintaining the wave as one rigid, rotating object. Perhaps the dark space has simultaneously attracting and repelling properties, which keep the shining rings apart, so they do not fall on one another. At the same time, though, it may also keep the entire structure tightly intact.

Shining rings may have specific properties, while dark rings may have others. Together, they create a wave of energetic matter, which maintains a stable structure that preserves proportional equilibrium. In the interference experiment, when the two loops of a photon form one loop, they combine their energy levels and enter another phase. Galactic waves are on another energy level in which their two loops may still be linked to some extent.

Passing high energetic matter (photons or light) through two slits causes a disturbance of the photon’s structure and high-energy matter (photons, loops) to over lap, as seen in the picture above. Pictures are then available of energetic matter’s natural behavior in status nascenti. It appears in the form of a swirl (wave) that has two properties (of this identical energetic matter). It behaves like galaxies by forming crests (shining parts) and troughs (invisible parts). Shining rings in the peripheries of galaxies transform into “invisible” matter and seem to disappear - which would violate the law of the preservation of energy if they actually did (see my paper on the Second Law of Thermodynamics). We know that the proportion of dark spaces (rings) and shining rings is stable in every formation and phase. We assume that energetic matter is found predominantly in dark rings and magnetic matter in light rings. Shining rings in the periphery of galaxies are transformed into some form of matter that is invisible to us; perhaps it is transformed into energetic matter. Young’s experiment indicates that a galaxy and a photon have the same basic properties and behaviors. The heart of the galaxy is a swirl, where energetic and magnetic matter appears in the same wave-like formation. This is the only kind of matter where a change in the direction of movement changes its behavior and properties. Changing the position of a photon’s loops changes the behavior of energetic matter in the same wave.

The following picture shows a young and an older galaxy.

The next illustration presents energetic and magnetic rings that fade into rings of dark matter.

The picture below compares a young and old galaxy. Note that the old galaxy has many dark spaces.

The overlapping superposition of loops in Young’s experiment form more clearly visible enlarged rings in new formations on another energy level. This seems to indicate that if light rings overlap and enlarge each other, then dark rings also overlap and enlarge each other, and that dark rings (spaces) are not empty space. Using interference, we see that the proportions of dark and light spaces vary from object to object, indicating different proportions of energetic matter between energetic and magnetic loops. Every object has its characteristic proportions and therefore different energy levels. As long as the energy (temperature) remains the same (the formation remains in the same phase), the proportions of energetic to magnetic matter in an object’s wave also remain stable. Similarly, should the temperature or phase change, the proportion between energetic and magnetic matter in the loops will change as well. A small change causes the wave to behave differently, while a larger change alters the wave’s nature (phase).

Like photons, hydrogen atoms straddle the border between being waves or particles. For a better understanding of the behavior of energetic matter, let us look at how photons are connected in a light stream (picture below). Currents of energetic matter flow from a photon to its neighbor, with the assistance of energetic and magnetic loops. Magnetic loops alternate with energetic loops. Energy does not pass from one energetic loop to another in a continuous direct flow, but passes from an energetic ring to an adjacent perpendicular magnetic ring. In a light stream, neighboring energetic streams have relatively different directions of flow.

An energetic path has no clear borders. This helps it transfer signals to neighboring energetic streams (loops) as depicted in the picture above, which results in a light stream with a uniform energetic level, information (genes) and time. All the properties and behaviors of energetic matter are beyond our understanding. A change in the properties of the light stream’s source will result in a change in the energetic level, information (genes) and time of the light stream (picture below).

Every high-energy formation has its corona: visible, energetic space consisting of photons. The object not only emits energetic matter via photons, but also receives energetic signals, from both its surroundings and from the photons in its energetic paths (picture below).

The following pictures show the invisible energetic matter around a photon.

Photons are very sensitive to every change in their own or their neighbors’ energetic matter. Like photon’s light streams (waves) have internal streams that are apparently capable of communicating information via some sort of signals. Internal streams of energetic matter move in different directions and velocities and seem to exceed the velocity of light (wave particle).

Photons do not exceed the velocity of light. In fact, every experiment that has tried to induce such speeds has failed. It appears that something, perhaps dark matter, does not allow light to exceed its maximum velocity (below, left). It must then transform into another medium, as in the borders of galaxies (below, right).

The three “color” paths are connected by invisible energetic loops (picture below).

Perhaps, these invisible loops that connect the energetic color paths are dark matter (picture below).

In Young’s experiment, we have two kinds of loops overlaying one another, so that on the screen we obtain light and dark rings, as well as loops of visible magnetic and energetic matter. Using very precise instrumentation, we may be able to prove this. The following picture shows that every formation has two loops:

Podolsky, Rozen and Einstein’s experiment demonstrated that the velocity of signals (energy) in a light stream exceeds the velocity of light. This is due to the fact that velocity of light is wave propagation and the movement of energetic matter occurs in wave formations.

From the structure of a light stream (wave theory), we see that the direction of light depends on its source, on the bodies it encounters, which redirect its stream, and on the energetic loops in a transverse position to the direction of its stream. Magnetic loops, perpendicular to the direction of the stream, separate energetic loops and transfer energetic matter between them. They also maintain the wave’s structure and its connections to other waves. Magnetic loops are surrounded by a corona-like energetic wave, which also extends to its neighbors’ loops and transfers signals instantly from photon to photon. Magnetic matter does not transfer the energetic matter it contains. Perhaps magnetic matter comes into contact with other matter by energetic signals that appear to undulate. Magnetic matter is connected as one entity (magnetic “corona”); thus, signals pass through it instantly in all directions, at speeds that exceed the speed of light.

The fact that photons cannot exceed the speed of light indicates that some kind of energetic matter in space prevents the two loops from exceeding their own velocity (picture, below). This invisible matter surrounds us. We may theorize that it maintains all energetic creations in the universe as one entity, including their respective phases.

Although photons are united in what we see as a continuous light stream, they are individual wave particles that maintain themselves by internal paths. Every loop creates an a-like structure (picture, below) with neighboring photons, which stabilizes the formation of each photon. Energetic matter is responsible for the binding of photons between light streams. The neighboring energetic streams move in opposite directions, thus weakening the connection. This is the reason that light streams scatter easily and flip the light to the opposite direction (by 180°). Within each stream, however, the connections are between energetic loops. This creates a strong “energetic rope”, which preserves the integrity and direction of individual streams.

All research, including astronomy, indicates that a photon’s two loops are not exactly symmetrical and that their energy currents do not share the same form (picture below). The energetic loop is more extraverse and has a tendency to expand. The magnetic loop is smaller, more intraverse, and tends to hold energetic matter.

In astronomical observations, we see different wave structures, indicating that the waves are in different stages of existence, but in the same phase. Some waves contain two big energetic swirls; in other photographs, two swirls that are connected by energetic paths form a wave. These are two different formations of the same energetic matter that are connected by the same energetic matter as well (picture below- right). This means that galaxies have two different loops connected by energetic paths that, we may imagine, resemble a photon formation of two loops in one wave. A big wave in space looks like the photons with overlapping loops in Young’s interference experiment and contain the highest energy concentration in the center of the galaxy.

In other types of galaxies, swirls resemble photons with discrete loops. Here we have four formations, two swirls and two paths in one high-energy wave (picture, right). If we say that each of the two loops of a photon are like half a galactic wave, this implies that one loop has the behavioral properties of one swirl and the second loop has the properties of the second.

We may assume that in these galaxies one swirl is energetic and the second magnetic. Each loop is half of the big wave’s formation and consists of one swirl and two paths; the paths, however, are shared between the loops (picture below).

This inspires us to look at the atom’s two loops, which include one proton (energetic) loop and one neutron (magnetic) loop. When an atom is split, each half has three main elements: one loop and half of each of the two paths. These three energetic elements may be quarks (picture below). The energetic movement of the elements oppose on another(picture, right). These may be quarks and anti-quarks. This small illustration resembles a new star formation or the sundering of atoms in a bubble chamber. Quarks cannot exist for long periods because they lack stability, so they immediately create wave formations. The speed of photons is similar to that of new star formations.

Since the atom is in a low energy phase, its two loops are very close to one another (perpendicular).

Every galaxy has two visible paths or arms, with opposing energetic movements. One arm serves as an entrance to the swirl and the other as an exit. The circulation and direction of energetic matter in the paths-arms are also opposed to each other.

In the following illustration, we see that the ends of galactic waves are cut off and “hide” in their surroundings or within the dark space (dark matter). It is this powerful mysterious force that keeps the galactic formation in place.

As matter (energy) cannot hide, but transfers to another form, so the shining matter must transfer to a form that is invisible to us. Both forms are created from the same matter; however, shining matter has a visible formation and dark matter is invisible. Shining matter and dark matter maintain stable proportions in every phase of the wave. Energetic matter does not disappear into nothingness (according to the rules of energetic matter conservation). The universe is filled with dark matter. Matter can only be energetic matter. Because energetic matter creates only two loops, dark (invisible) matter is probably the same energetic matter in a high phase, with energetic formations suitable to each phase. The dark matter merges with the arms of galaxies and connects the galaxies to each other. Therefore, dark matter must have an important function, together with all other energetic formations.

Galaxies are energetic formations; they are clearly visible with well-defined shining rings. Due to the fact that their two spiral arms disappear into dark matter, they must be connected in some way to dark space and its structure as well as to adjacent perpendicular loops.

Since the distances between galaxies are stable, if the space between them consists of dark matter only, we may assume that it is very rigid and keeps them in their energetic paths, like galactic ring formations. Intergalactic dark matter may be an energetic formation that is invisible to us, which, by high energy levels, creates huge rings (swirls) that connect galaxies. Because this dark matter has a rigid formation, it should transfer information (signals or energetic changes) almost instantly, like vibrations. These properties may make dark matter formations a relevant factor in Einstein’s wormhole idea.

Although loops are rigid formations, photons and atoms are elastic. Energetic paths between loops can be stretched or contracted by adding or withdrawing energy. By adding energy to a photon, we enlarge the distance between loops, stretch energetic paths and change the position of the loops in respect to each other. The vertical (magnetic) loop gradually moves into a transversal position because it has become more energetic.

A photon (wave) is active energetic matter. Its propagation is active; only the direction of light is passive and depends on its surroundings. An individual photon always moves with its magnetic loop in a perpendicular position. Because the connection between energetic loops of a light stream is so strong, when light hits upon a surface, it does not disperse, but reflects from the surface into a path with an appropriate angle.

Because magnetic loops always face a photon’s propagation, the movement during the Michelson-Morley experiment always travels at the constant speed of light. The limit of wave-particle propagation is a maximum of 320,000 km/sec. It may be that because dark matter is a high-energy formation, it does not permit wave particles to exceed the velocity of light.

It seems that for higher speeds, energetic matter must undergo a phase transition. Dark matter in a higher phase has other behaviors. The speed of light can only be reached in wave-particle phase formations (photons). For this reason, a photon cannot transform to a higher phase and velocity. Furthermore, since a photon has only one phase, it will appear and decay in the same life cycle.

The photon is shifted to red by a loss of energy. A photon is the smallest organized “piece” of energetic matter (wave-particle) that can exist independently of a formation and also conjugate, as in a light stream. A photon contains the maximum amount of energy in proportion to its loops, size and phase, and thus has the potential of escaping from a large formation.

Every energetic formation decays by loss of energy. This happens in different ways. The expulsion of photons is one form of energy loss. This implies that the photon is the basic form of energetic matter that is expelled from an object; however, this may not be the last step of the wonderful process of the creation of energetic matter (shrinking space, energy, and time).

In astronomy, we see that galaxies decay into dark matter. This means that energetic dark matter is an important formation, which maintains the form of the universe. Perhaps wave theory can help us understand the behavior of dark matter (see the chapter on the universe).

Because objects decay into a photon formation, this means that the photon is composed of basic, pure, essential energetic matter. The photon may be the primary raw formation of energetic matter. It is the smallest organized (by rings, loops or waves) form of energetic matter. This will be discussed in later chapters. Photons are also the smallest wave-particles of energetic matter. Because it is the fundamental form of energetic matter, it can have different sizes and different proportions of energy between loops and rings.

A photon in the form of a wave-particle is a mobile and independent formation that transfers energy in the universe from place to place, thus maintaining the energetic balance of the universe. Individual photons are shaped like a boomerang (picture, right). In ideal circumstances, a photon can return to the same place because of its structure. Practically, this does not happen because its path is always disturbed and it can be absorbed by greater formations.

The photon is in perpetual movement. This means that the natural behavior of energetic matter is one of continuous activity. Energetic matter’s swirling circulation prompts the loops’ movement and consequently the photon’s activity. Energetic matter is active and creative living matter. The energetic matter in loops rotates together with the swirls. The speed of photons and waves is active as well; their energetic behavior depends on the space, time and energetic activity around them.

A wave, like all objects in the universe, has a beginning, duration and end. This is the law of energetic matter. From the moment of its creation, an ordinary wave cannot grow; it is a closed formation of two loops and energetic paths. By adding energy to a photon, we can only briefly extend the distances between its two loops and enlarge and stretch its energetic paths. A photon’s constellation cannot add energy, as it expels excess energetic matter as soon as possible. Over time, a wave loses energy, which weakens the links between its paths. The wave consequently increases in size like a dying star and turns red.

As a consequence of lost energetic matter, photons turn to red and begin to decay. We must bear this in mind when calculating the Hubble constant. From black body radiation (energy-photons) experiments, we know that every object loses energy over time. Occasionally, black objects radiate photons (energy). Radiation is a form of energy loss. Even at close to absolute zero, a wave loses energy because of its continuous activity. It is an extraordinary paradox of creation that energetic matter takes on a wave formation to maintain its integrity, despite the fact that its natural tendency is to expand and seek independence, which results in the dissipation of its structural integrity.

Because energetic matter (wave) has no clear borders or a distinct separation between its rings, its electro-magnetic matter can simultaneously be in the paths of other rings. This, then, creates a network of energetic paths in a wave (picture below).

As mentioned above, a photon has two loops and thus has two sets of three colors (three colors and three anti-colors). The photon’s two loops, while existing in the same wave formation, have opposing properties. This is an ingenious creation, as seen in the pictures below:

In the mid 1980’s, Yuri Prokoshkin and a group of Russian colleagues claimed to have found a new particle that decayed into four photons; that is, two loops of basic waves of energetic matter. This was an important experiment, as it demonstrated that the basic structure of every object is an energetic, wave-like photon structure. In this experiment, Prokoshkin discovered the basic structure of matter. All energetic objects decay to the smallest levels of energy (photons or waves). This continues until they cease to exist as independent photons and are absorbed into a new life cycle. Two photons, such as helium bonds, are the first stable particle ? the smallest initial particle creation of two energetic and two magnetic loops. The creation of four loops from two wave particles creates a stable a (alpha) formation.

The behavior of electro-magnetic matter changes in different phases according to the laws of nature, which are the same for all forms of energetic matter. A photon is the smallest formation of organized electro-magnetic matter, but is still not the most basic formation. This will be considered in the following chapters on energetic matter.

Photon Mass
A photon is composed of two main loops (fields), one transversal and one perpendicular, which together create a wave particle. The two fields are composed of rings (colors) and streams of energetic matter that form energetic paths (energetic matter formation).

After the Big Bang, energetic matter, with its unidirectional, inflating (pushing), spinning, and swirling propagation, created many different swirls in its expanded paths. It pushed into space and simultaneously thrust itself into the center of the swirls. The swirls’ pulling properties were created incidentally by this pushing activity inside the swirls and act along swirl paths. This is an incredible creation, which is thoroughly discussed in the chapter on the universe.

Thus, we have a single energetic matter with one behavior (inflation by swirling/spinning movement) creating two opposite forces that push and pull in an endless competition.

Now we understand why every quantum of energy creates waves (two pictures below). This is discussed in greater detail in the chapter on quarks.

A high-energy object has more pushing, inflation, and anti-gravitational properties. A photon has more pushing energy in proportion to its magnetic (pulling) loop (beyond gravity). This is why its mass (energetic capacity) cannot be measured with standard methods. Nevertheless, a photon has its mass, time and space, as does every energetic creation (picture below).

A known paradox in research is that when a stream of light meets other streams coming from different points (picture below), they all have the same velocity and properties. The following pictures illustrate how light streams meet. We see that the streams of magnetic rings rotating in vertical positions flow in the same direction as its neighboring streams. The magnetic rings are pulled toward the others. The energetic rings, located in a transversal position between the magnetic rings and their streams, flow in one direction in their transversal paths. These streams flow in an opposite direction, but to neighboring energetic streams. Although the energetic flow is in different directions, the energetic rings have wrapping properties that keep each stream together. From the following pictures, we see why streams that meet do not change light velocity.

As such, photons are unstable wave particles containing two easily “separable” loops. Helium atoms, with four loops (two photons), two energetic (protons) and two magnetic (neutrons), are the first stable atoms or particles (picture below).

The atom contains a solid double connection: the energetic loops of each wave (photon) intermingle with the magnetic loops of the other. In a light stream, only the magnetic loops connect with each other, so the connection is weaker and the particles of light scatter easily.

In fact, photons are the cornerstone for every creation in the universe. Examples of this are atomic structure, galactic formations, DNA and even thought as seen in the pictures below.

Atomic Structure

Galctic Formations

DNA (Double Helix)

Only energetic matter can forge these phenomenal creations and unbelievable formations. In this short introduction to wave theory, I cannot fully discuss this issue. Although it seems quite simple, it is really very complex. I leave it to young physicists to continue with what I believe to be an endless subject.

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Dr. Chaim Tejman, Copyright© 2001. All rights reserved.